Ch 11 Reformation Textbook                                               Name _________________-

During the Reformation   A)  The Papacy was suspended for thirty-five years     B)  Christianity divided into Protestantism and Catholicism     C)  The Holy Roman Emperor regained all the power that he had once held during the Middle Ages     D)  The Mongols conquered Europe

Because of the Reformation  A)  Spain became Protestant     B)  John Calvin became the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II     C)  France had bitter religious wars between Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots)     D)  After a brief Protestant interlude, England became firmly Catholic under Elizabeth I

Of these early 16th century rulers, pick out the correct match of ruler and country  A)  Francis I--France     B)  Suleiman the Magnificent--England     C)  Henry VIII--the Holy Roman Empire and Spain     D)  Charles V--Ottoman Empire

The Habsburg-Valois wars  A)  Led victory for France B)  Led to victory for Charles V     C)  Led to victory for Henry VIII     D)  Were expensive, exhausting, and indecisive

Warfare in the 16th century    A)  Used a combination of muskets and pikes     B)  Became so costly that it strained the resources of even the wealthiest monarchs     C)  Saw important developments in military administration to supply the growing armies     D)  All of the above

The northern European intellectual often called the "Prince of Humanists" was

    A)  Thomas Aquinas     B)  John Calvin     C)  Desiderius Erasmus     D)  Thomas More

Erasmus anticipated some of the ideas of the Reformation by his advocacy of

    A)  A separation from the church of his day     B)  Biblical reading for all Christians     C)  A greater devotion to the seven sacraments     D)  The priesthood of all believers

Martin Luther denounced indulgences because     A)  His concept of Justification by Faith meant to him that indulgences were useless for Christian salvation     B)  The princes of Germany did not wish indulgences, and Luther believed that he should back them     C)  Luther believed that the popes should have consulted him beforehand on the matter     D)  None of the above

For Martin Luther the concept of Justification by Faith meant that  A)  All sacraments worthless     B) No Christian should perform good works C) Christians saved through the grace of God/ not through their own efforts D)  That only by living the life of a monk could one develop the faith necessary for salvation

Luther's Protestantism was characterized by all of the following except

    A)  Priesthood of all believers  B)  Emphasis on individual's relationship to God C)  Emphasis on reading Bible D)  Establishment of a new religious hierarchy paralleling that of the Catholic Church

Luther's ideas spread rapidly in 16th century Europe   A)  Because several important German princes adopted them in their realms     B)  Because they offered a simple and elegant solution to the query--how do I know that I am saved? C)  Because printing presses produced numerous widely read pamphlets permitting many people to pick up Luther's ideas easily and quickly  D)  All of the above

The Protestant Ref. A) Had no real effect on Ger. peasants; they simply followed the lead of the princes and cities that supported the Reformation  B) Was strongly opposed by peasantry, whose strong traditionalism led to defense of all old religious habits even though peasant understanding of religious doctrine was minimal C) Led peasants, already upset by inflation and escalating payments to landowners, to adopt strong protests couched in terms reflecting Lutheran ideas on scripture D) Led the Ger nobility to take greater concern over the worsening economic plight of the peasants

The Peace of Augsburg in 1555      A)  Established the Lutheran Church in Germany as an alternative to the Catholic Church     B)  Meant the triumph of Charles V over the German princes     C)  Permitted the pope to regain some of the authority he had lost in Germany because of the Reformation     D)  Meant the end of the Catholic Church in Germany

The early leader of the Reformation in Switzerland, a contemporary of Luther, was

    A)  Erasmus     B)  Zwingli     C)  Calvin     D)  Ignatius Loyola

Luther and Zwingli agreed on most of their religious beliefs, but differed bitterly over the

A) interpretation of the Eucharist  B) need for reading Scripture C) priesthood of all believers     

D)  The uselessness of indulgences                                                                                  

The Anabaptists of the 16th century    A)  Appealed primarily to the upper middle class of German cities     B)  Undertook a radical revolution in the Netherlands, led by Ulrich Zwingli     C)  Sided with the papacy in the Reformation     D)  Rejected infant baptism in favor of adult baptism

The French scholar whose teachings on the Reformation appealed to many of the well-to-do throughout Europe was    A)  Machiavelli     B)  Calvin     C)  Menno Simons     D)  Melchior

The theological doctrine most commonly associated with Calvin was

    A) Predestination  B)  Justification by faith C)  Seven sacraments D)  Priesthood of all believers

Calvin's success as a Reformer is best explained by  A)  His ability to cooperate with Reform-minded princes B)  The extreme unpopularity of the papacy in Geneva   C)  His ability to establish a church organization that could survive where the civil authorities were hostile  D)  None of above

Henry VIII of England    A)  Strongly supported the Reformation from the beginning     B)  Expected papal approval of his annulment of his marriage with Catharine of Aragon because popes had traditionally deferred to kings in these matters     C)  Was forced by Parliament to undertake the Reformation     D)  None of the above

The "Act of Supremacy"    A)  Was rejected by the English Par. B)  Declared Henry VIII to be the "Supreme head of the Church of Eng" without actually making that church Protestant  C)  Was strongly opposed by Anne Boleyn D)  Declared justification by faith to be a doctrine binding on all Englishmen

The significance of the short reign of Edward VI was that   A)  It was during this period, rather than during the reign of Henry VIII, that England really became Protestant     B)  Though dying young, Edward left a daughter, Elizabeth I, to maintain the Protestant tradition in England     C)  John Calvin became so impressed by the Reformation in England that he settled there     D)  England was dominated by Edward's mother, Anne Bolyen

The best description of Elizabeth I's religious policy is that   A)  A strong Calvinist, she reorganized the Church of England along the lines of The Institutes of the Christian Religion  B)  As a moderate Protestant, she opposed Catholics, but permitted all Protestants to worship together even if they had different doctrinal beliefs C)As a strong supporter of the Church of England, she persecuted not only Catholics but also those Protestants who did not share her doctrinal beliefs  D)  As the real originator of the Puritan movement, by the time of her death, she left the English Church in doctrinal and disciplinary chaos

In the period of the Reformation, the Catholic Church   A)  Virtually dissolved, not to be reconstituted for a century and a half     B)  Undertook its own Reformation spearheaded by rigorous religious scholarship in Spain and by new religious orders such as the Jesuits     C)  Adopted most Protestant doctrines but retained the supremacy of the pope     D)  None of the above

The Jesuits    A)  Were a vigorous Catholic religious order that acted in the vanguard of the Catholic Reformation     B)  Were a Protestant society that tried to spread Lutheranism in countries where the princes supported Catholicism     C)  Were the last of the Medieval knightly Crusader orders, suppressed during the Reformation     D)  None of the above

Council of Trent, the Spanish Inquisition, and the mysticism of Teresa of Avila were all part of

    A) Renaissance B)  The Catholic Reformation C)  The Lutheran Reformation  D)  The Crusades

Council of Trent    A)  Decided that each Ger prince could decide what type of Christianity should prevail in his domain B)  Reached agreement between Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin over Protestant doctrine C)  Was held to end Habsburg-Valois wars     D)  Defined Catholic doctrine during the Ref

In attempting to define Catholic beliefs during the Ref era, the Council of Trent declared  A)  That there were 8 sacraments, 6 more than the number acknowledged by Luther B)  That the sale of indulgences be continued, though the occasions of the sale be restricted C)  Insisted that both faith and good works were essential for salvation     D)  All of the above

The importance of Teresa of Avila, the Inquisition, and Philip II in the Catholic Reformation

    A)  Shows that Spain was a major center of the Catholic Reformation     B)  Shows that the Council of Trent was a failure     C)  Shows that Italy had become Protestant     D)  Shows that England remained Catholic

The 16th century king most closely associated with the Counter-Reformation was

    A)  Charles V     B)  Henry II     C)  Francis I     D)  Philip II

The Wars of Religion    A)  Involved France, Spain, the Dutch, and Germany     B)  Led to a series of major Catholic victories, nearly destroying Protestantism     C)  Led to a series of Protestant victories, nearly destroying Catholicism     D)  None of the above

During the French Wars of Religion   A) French nobility became strongly anti-Protestant B) There was a major massacre of French Protestant leaders on St. Bartholomew's Day, August 24, 1572     C)  Catherine de Medici took advantage of the chaos to usurp the French throne     D)  All of the above

The Religious Wars in France ended because     A)  Catherine de Medici, the real cause of the war, died     B)  The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre killed so many French Protestants that the movement collapsed     C)  Henry of Navarre, a Protestant survivor of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, became Catholic, satisfying most of his subjects     D)  The pope, who had been the real cause of the wars, was succeeded by a more tolerant and pacific pontiff

Philip II of Spain     A)  Tried to suppress Calvinism in the Netherlands through the "Tribunal of Blood"     B)  Found that the Dutch war diverted his attention from his attempt to defeat the Turks in the Mediterranean     C)  Launched the Spanish Armada against England to punish Elizabeth I for supporting a Protestant rebellion in the Netherlands     D)  All of the above

The 30 yrs War began    A)  When Philip II sent the Spanish Armada against England     B)  When Charles V deliberately broke the Peace of Augsburg     C)  When a Protestant religious revolt against the Catholic Habsburgs began in Bohemia     D)  None of the above

After the Reformation  A)  Few people suffered religious anxiety because both Protestantism and Catholicism claimed to provide clear answers for the troubled soul B)  There was forged, especially in Protestant countries, a strong link between education and work  C)  The ideals and practices of marriage did not change, because Luther was a traditionalist on these matters     D)  All of the above

The major political problem in the Holy Roman Empire that permitted a religious revolt in Bohemia to escalate into the Thirty Years' War was    A)  That by law, the title of Emperor passed from a Catholic prince to a Protestant Prince and back to a Catholic prince, etc.     B)  That the seven electors who chose the Emperor were split, three Protestant, three Catholic, and the seventh was the King of Bohemia, whose control was therefore necessary for the Habsburgs to maintain their position as Emperor     C)  The Bohemian rebels favored the king of France, who therefore threatened to end the Habsburg monopoly of the imperial throne     D)  The chaos resulting from the Bohemian insurrection threatened to permit the pope to name the next emperor, something that no German prince, whether Catholic or Protestant, desired

The Thirty Years' War ended because     A)  Ferdinand II totally defeated the Protestants of Germany     B)  Gustavus Adolphus made himself the first Protestant Holy Roman Emperor     C)  All sides were exhausted, with the most important rulers and generals on each side dead     D)  The Bohemian revolt at long last succeeded after thirty years

The great European fear of witchcraft  A)  Began before the Reformation and lasted into the 17th century   B)  Was an exclusively Catholic phenomenon, not found in Protestant countries     C)  Was an exclusively Protestant phenomenon, not found in Catholic countries     D)  None of the above

Francis I decisively defeated Charles V in the Habsburg-Valois wars.    A)  True    B)  False

Erasmus is sometimes called the "Prince of Humanists."      A)  True    B)  False

Luther's attack on indulgences was first expressed in Institutes of the Christian Religion. A) T  B) F

A major reason for the success of the Reformation in Germany was that it gained the support of many princes.     A)  True    B)  False

Luther believed that grievances of Germany peasants were justified by scripture.  A)  True B)  False

In the Peace of Augsburg, each German prince could choose Lutheranism or Catholicism as the religion of his land.   A)  True    B)  False

The major leader of the early Reformation in Switzerland was Zwingli    A)  True    B)  False

The Anabaptists believed that baptism should be reserved for adults.    A)  True    B)  False

The doctrinal belief most associated with Calvin was Justification by Faith.   A)  True    B)  False

Because of his lack of interest in church organization, Calvin's religious ideas could spread only where the prince or other secular authority was favorable.     A)  True    B)  False

Henry VIII's decision to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Bolyen became the start of the Reformation in England.    A)  True    B)  False

The real solidification of Protestantism in England came in the reign of Edward VI rather than in the reign of Henry VIII.    A)  True    B)  False

The Jesuits were most successful as educators and missionaries.    A)  True    B)  False

The Council of Trent was an attempt by Lutherans and Calvinists to agree on a common Protestant doctrine.   A)  True    B)  False

Major champion of Catholic causes in the 16th century was Henry VIII of England.  A)True B)False

Only a few French nobles in the 16th century became Protestant.    A)  True    B)  False

To a major extent the real ruler of France between 1559 and 1589 was an Italian, Catherine de Medici.   A)  True    B)  False

The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre of French Protestants was orchestrated by Henry of Navarre.

    A)  True    B)  False

The Netherlands revolt led to the development of a northern Protestant state and a southern, Catholic, Spanish-ruled state.  A)  True    B)  False

The first years of the 30 Years' War saw major defeats for the Catholic cause.   A)  True  B)  False

The Peace of Westphalia confirmed a Europe where the northern half was predominantly Protestant and the southern half predominantly Catholic.     A)  True    B)  False

The Reformation put an end to accusations of witchcraft.     A)  True    B)  False

The Habsburg-Valois Wars were fought primarily between the monarchs ________ and ________.

Often known as the "Prince of Humanists" was ________.

Luther's basic religious idea, from which his other doctrines and practices flowed, was ________.

Luther came to prominence when he attacked a papal indulgence in his ________.

At the 1529 Diet of Speyer, the behavior of pro-Lutheran princes gave rise to the term ________ .

Luther denounced the ____ revolt in Germany even though many of the rebels espoused his ideas.

The agreement that permitted each German prince to choose the religion in his domains was called the ________.

The major early reformer in Switzerland, a contemporary of Luther was ________.

People who believed that only adults should be baptized were called ___ during the Reformation.

John Calvin's great book that contributed to the Reformation was ________.

The religious doctrine most closely associated with Calvin was ________.

The law that declared Henry VIII the Supreme head of the Church of England was the ________.

Restoring Protestantism to England after the death of Mary I was ________.

Ignatius Loyola founded the ________.

The major religious movement within the Catholic Church in the 16th century is called the _____.

Catholic doctrinal responses to Protestant challenges were fully formulated at the ________.

The Catholic king whose foreign policy was most closely linked to the goals of the Counter-Reformation was ________.

For much of the period 1559-1589, the real ruler of France was not any of its successive kings, but their mother, ________.

The late 16th century law that gave religious toleration to French Protestants was the ________.

A major religious revolt against Spain took place in ________ during the late 16th century.

Great religious-political conflict in Germany during the first half of the 17th century is called the _.

The Thirty Years' War ended with the ________.

Beginning in the late Middle Ages and continuing through the Reformation was the persecution of persons, mostly women, in both Catholic and Protestant countries, for the alleged crime of _______.

In a famous 16th century French legal case, an imposter claimed to be the absent soldier, ________.

This empire covered present day Israel, Jordan, Turkey and stretched to Vienna?