AP PSYCHOLOGY Test 8                            Name ________________

The strongest result of depriving people of REM sleep is that the people begin to show:

The sleep disorder characterized by walking in one's sleep is called:

Jeff rewards his child for reading a book by taking him to get ice cream. Over time, his child seems to

lose interest in reading for enjoyment and seems only motivated by the ice cream reward. This is an example of what?

Which of the following illustrates a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?

Glenn enjoys playing a slot machine. He continues to play on the same machine even though he has not

 currently won any money. What schedule of reinforcement applies to this situation?

Which statement best reflects the learning perspective of drug use?

A. People use drugs as rewards for "good" behavior           B. People take drugs to fit in with a social group

C. People use drugs to avoid unconscious anxiety               D. People take drugs as an automatic behavior

In relatively large doses, alcohol acts as a:

A. stimulant.                 B. depressant.              C. psychedelic. D. barbiturate.              E. None

Barbiturate is to cocaine as:

A. opiate is to hallucinogen.                               B. hallucinogen is to opiate.

C. depressant is to stimulant                              D. stimulant is to depressant

The _____ suggests that marijuana use linked to the use of other, more dangerous drugs.

Alpha and Beta waves are characteristics of?

            A. conscious awareness            B. stage 2 sleep            C. stage 3 sleep           

D. stage 4 sleep                        E. REM sleep

Monitoring by a hidden observer provides evidence for which theory of hypnosis?

After hearing this list of words, night, snore, bed, tired, pillow, dark, yawn, blanket, subjects were asked

 to write the words they heard. They frequently included the word sleep. This illustrates-

Traveling in a jet from Calif to NY is most likely to

A. disrupt you circadian rhythms                                   B. prevent the onset of REM sleep 

C. stimulate your parasympathetic nervous system         D. induce delta brain waves 

E. cause withdraw symptoms

Of the following, which does your hypothalamus regulate over the course of 24 hours

1. I body temp
2. II. Hormonal levels
3. III. Memory of the days events

Ivan Pavlov was the first to observe and identify what is called classical conditioning. According to

 Pavlov’s research, which of these is the proper order for classical conditioning to occur?

-(A)-UR (unconditional response) + US (unconditional stimulus) = NS (neutral stimulus)

-(B)-CS (conditioned stimulus) + CR (conditioned response) = NS (neutral stimulus)

-(C)-CS (conditioned stimulus) + US (unconditioned stimulus) = extinction

-(D)-NS (neutral stimulus) + US (unconditioned stimulus) become a CS (conditioned stimulus) = CR

 (conditioned response)

-(E)-US (unconditioned stimulus) + extinction = spontaneous recovery

Lydia is studying the effects of learning in dogs. She has used standard classical conditioning techniques

replicating Pavlov’s salivation experiments. Now she plans to see what effect ringing the bell every five minutes and not presenting food will have on the dogs. After several trials, the salivation becomes less and less until it stops altogether. She has noted which of these phenomena?

After conditioning, when the CS occurs, an individual expects the UCS to occur, indicating a:

In classical conditioning, the stimulus that comes to elicit a response as a result of pairing with another

stimulus is called the:

A. generalized stimulus.             B. neutral stimulus.                    C. conditioned stimulus.                        D. unconditioned stimulus.             E. Cogentroal stimulus

Research suggests that ___ is generally the most effective method for establishing a conditioned response.

A. trace conditioning                 B. delayed conditioning             C. simultaneous conditioning                             D. backward conditioning  E. prewarm up conditioning

Which of the following is not one of the factors that affects classical conditioning?

A. increase in intensity of the stimuli                               B. familiarity of the stimuli         

C. temporal arrangement of the CS-UCS pairing           D. cognitive characteristics of the stimuli   E. None

Stimulus generalization:

Tendency of some species to acquire some forms of conditioning less readily than other species is:

A. biological constraints on learning.                  B. conditioned taste aversion.

C. species specific conditioning.                        D. one-trial leaning.                   E. astrolearning

Learning an association between particular behaviors and their consequences occurs in:

A. Somantic learning                             B. classical conditioning.

C. conditioned taste aversion.               D. blocking.                  E. operant conditioning

The most obvious difference between the human brain and the brain of a carp would be in the

The major link between the brain and the glandular system is the

__________ is closely related to grammar and pronunciation.

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Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in

The endocrine system

An elderly acquaintance of yours has suffered from partial blindness since she had a stroke. Apparently

 the stroke damaged her

The pons acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas and influences

You are walking through a bad part of town, down a dark alley, and carrying a large amount of cash.

Behind you, you hear a door open and close suddenly, and you immediately dive into the nearest trash container. The part of the forebrain mainly responsible for your reaction is the

An EEG records

As we move from lower to higher animals a larger proportion of the brain is devoted to

Using an electrode, an experimenter produces flashes of colored light and simple visual experiences in a

 patient undergoing brain surgery. Most likely she has activated the

The cerebral cortex is composed of two sides or __________.

The brainstem consists mainly of the

In operant conditioning, procedures that strengthen behaviors are termed:

A. reinforcements.        B. consequences.          C. shaping.       D. chaining.      E. All

Negative reinforcement is to punishment as:

A. response decrease is to response increase.               B. response increase is to response decrease.

C. response decrease is to response decrease.              D. response increase is to response increase.

Complex sequences of behavior, such as a dolphin jumping through a hoop, is produced through a

            process called:

The schedule where reinforcement occurs only after a constant number of responses is called:

One of the most impressive uses of operant techniques in the area of teaching involves the use of:

Children who watched an adult attack a doll were more likely to attack the doll later on. This is evidence

            for the importance of:

Which of the following influences observational learning?

A. flooding                   B. biofeedback C. desensitization          D. emotion       E. motivation

Which of the following is a result of learning?

A. Salmon swimming upstream to spawn           B. A neonate cries immediately after birth  

C. A man blinks when a puff of air is blown into his eyes            D. A boy cringes when seeing lighting 

E. A girl falls asleep when she feels tired

In classical conditioning, between what two factors is a new association formed?

A. reinforcer and UCS                          B. reinforcer and UCR              C. Reinforcer and CR  D.

UCS and conditioned stimulus  E. UCS and UCR   

Although the pigeon was trained to peck at a yellow light, it pecks at green, red and orange lights too.

 This behavior indicates the pecking behavior has become:

A. discriminated     B. Generalized     C. Extinguished     D. spontaneously recovered       E. punished

When alarms on timers start going off in the back of the classroom, students were distracted, but the

teacher continued lecturing. As more went off, one student got up, and the teacher nodded. The student walked towards the back and the teacher nodded. The student turned off the alarms, the teacher thanked him. What operant conditioning process does this best illustrate?

A. Shaping       B. Generalization          C. Discrimination          D. Extinction     E. Omission training

Jane watched her mother cook dinner, then went to her room, made believe she was cooking the same

 meal, and served it to her stuffed animals. Jane learned to cook and serve like her mother by:

A. insight learning                                  B. classical conditioning            C. Operant conditioning  

D. observational learning                       E. maturation

Once Pavlov’s dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork, the tuning fork was a(n)

Shaping is

John loves to fish. He puts his line in the water and leaves it there until he fills a tug. On what

 reinforcement schedule is he rewards?

Chimps given tokens for tricks were able to put the tokens in vending machines to get grapes. The token

 acted as

A. Primary reinforcers               B. Classical Condit                   C. Secondary Reinforcers 

D. Negative Reinforcers            E. Unconditioned Reinforcers

Which best reflects negative reinforcement:

A. Terry scolded when running through house yelling  

B. Lin not allowed to watch TV until she finished HW 

C. Greg changes his math class so he doesn’t have to see his old girlfriend 

D. Ada praised for having best essay in class 

E. Ala takes wrong medicine and gets violently sick

Watson and Rayner’s classical condit of Little Albert was helpful in explaining that

If a previous experience has given your pet the expectancy that nothing it does will prevent an aversive

 stimulus from occurring, it will likely

A. be motivated to seek comfort from you  B. experience learned helplessness 

C. model the behavior of other pets in hopes of avoiding it 

D. seek out challenges like this in the future to disprove the expectation   

E. engage in random acts of kindness

While get ready to take a free throw shot, you suddenly arrive at the answer to a chem. Problem. This is

 an example of?

If trainer conditions pigeon to peck at red circle and then only gives him a reward if he pecks at a green

            circle when both red and green circles appear, the pigeon is demonstrating

A. matching to sample generalization     B. abstract learning       C. intrinsic motivation 

D. insight                      E. Modeling

Latent Learning is best described by

That rats were more likely to learn an aversion to bright lights and noise with water if they were

 associated with electrical shocks rather than with flavors or poisoned food; this illustrates

A. Insight          B. Preparedness           C. Extinction        D. Observational Learning     E. generalization

Which response is not learned through operant conditioning

A. rat learned to press bar to get food               B. dog jumps over a hurdle to avoid electric shock  

C. fish swimming to the top when light is turned on  D. pigeons learning to turn in circles for rewards 

E. studying hard for good grades on tests

Spontaneous recovery refers to

He said the mind creates the body’s perceptions, sensations, and movement.

            . He believed all knowledge is gain through observation and experience. When you are born your mind is

            a blank slate?

Piaget is mainly known for studying

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Which combination could not produce a blue-eyed child?

a.-brown-eyed father, blue-eyed mother                       b.-blue-eyed father, brown-eyed mother

c.-both parents have green eyes                        d.-Each of the above could produce a blue-eyed child.

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            e. both brown eyed

When her mother leaves, Linda cries. When her mother returns, Linda crawls into her lap. According to

 Mary Ainsworth, Linda has a(n) __________ attachment.

a.-securely attached      b.-secure-avoidant        c.-insecure-avoidant     d.-insecure-ambivalent  e. all

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