Psychology Test 10

The three tasks of memory are:

Memory that holds vast amounts of information for very long periods of time is called:

The simplest memory system, sensory memory, holds:

A. cognitive schemas of sensory input for brief periods of time.

B. limited representations of sensory input for extended periods of time.

C. characterizations of sensory input for extended periods of time.        

D. representations of sensory input for brief periods of time.      E. All of the above

If Lisa asks Ralph if he knows how far it is from New York to London, she is assessing his:

Which of the following involves shallow processing of information?

A. determining if two words are synonyms                     B. deciding if a word fits in a sentence

C. thinking of antonyms of a specific word                     D. counting the number of letters in a word

The fact that material learned in one environment is easier to remember in a similar environment than a

             very different environment is known as:

Joan has trouble remembering this semester’s psychology terms because she keeps getting them mixed up

             with last semester’s sociology terms. She is experiencing

This past year Donna was promoted from eighth to ninth grade and was assigned a new school locker with

             a new combination. Donna has found that she has trouble remembering her new combination because it             is similar to her old one. The memory problem Donna is experiencing is most probably a result of

Of the following, who is most associated with the concept of a language acquisition device that appears to

             be an inborn tendency to acquire language in humans?

Deciding whether memories come from external sources (our experiences) or from internal sources (our

             imagination) represent what is called:

A modern view of memories suggests that they are represented:

Karen Sue remembers which wavelengths of light are shorter than others by recalling ROYGBIV. This is

 an example of:

Knowing how to ride a bike is stored in which of our memory subsystems?

Rather than checking the dictionary, Billy Bob used,  ‘I before e, except after c,” to decide the spelling of

 neither. To solve this problem he applied:

The three stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin process of memory are

Which of the following examples best illustrate episodic memory

Doug wrote grocery list for 10 items, but leaves it home. The list included in order: peas, corn, squash,

onions, apples, pears, bananas, flour, milk and eggs. If the law of primacy holds, which of the following is Doug most likely to remember when he gets to the store?

A. peas, pears, eggs                 B. bananas, flour, peas                          C. apples, pears, bananas  

D. flour, milk, eggs                    E. peas, corn, onion

In example above, which items would be recalled in Doug’s short term memory immediately after

 writing the list?

A. peas, corn, squash               B peas, corn, onions     C. apples, pears, bananas 

D. flour, milk, eggs                    E. flour, corn, bananas

According to the levels of processing theory of memory:

A. we remember items that are repeated over and over 

B. maintenance rehearsal will encode items into our long-term memory 

C. deep processing involves elaborate rehearsal, ensuring encoding into long term memory  

D. input, output, and storage are the 3 levels  

E. we can only hold 7 items in short term memory before it is full

Which brain structures play a key role in transferring info from short to long term?

Phonemes are

Because of all the features commonly associated with the concept bird, a robin is considered

Compared to convergent thinkers, to solve a problem divergent thinkers are more likely to

Unlike Skinner, Chomsky believes children

Having been told that Syd is an engineer and Fran is a elementary school teacher, when Arnold meets the

couple for the first time, he assumes Syd is husband and Fran wife, rather than the opposite. The best illustrates

You are the principal of a public high school in America. In order to comply with the requirements of the

federal No Child Left Behind Act, you must document that your students have achieved a certain level on standardized tests. Since students in your state must pass one of these tests to graduate, a parent has asked for you to explain just what a standardized test is. How would you do that?

-(A)-a standardized test is one in which all students with a B average or higher should be expected to

 pass

-(B)-a standardized test is one in which uniform procedures exist for giving and scoring the test

-(C)-a standardized test has little predictive validity

-(D)-a standardized test is designed to tap unconscious feelings and motives

-(E)-a standardized test only uses norms if the child is on the borderline between pass and fail

Which exemplifies retroactive interference:

A. after suffering a blow to the head, J cannot for new memories 

B. Elle failed a Spanish test because she studied her Italian righter after studying Spanish 

C. Lot cannot remember an important historical date   

D. Le cannot remember his new locker combo, but remembers last year’s  

E. j remembers the first few items on the school supply list, but can’t remember the rest

The reliability of a test is best indicated by which of the following?

(A) The difficulty of the test for the intended population of test takers

(B) The spread of scores on the test

(C) The extent to which scores on the test correlate with a different measure of performance

(D) The degree to which scores on the test form a normal distribution

            (E) The consistency of scores on repeated administrations of the test

All of the following statements concerning IQ are correct EXCEPT

-(A)-IQ is considered today to be an outdated term

-(B)-IQ is computed by measuring the ratio of mental age to chronological age times 100

-(C)-average IQ would be a score of 100

-(D)-two-thirds of all people score between 85 and 115 on IQ tests

-(E)-all of these statements are true

In a normal distribution

A. the range is always the same                         B. the standard deviation is equal to the range  

C. the standard deviation equals about 34%   D. the median is equal to the mode 

E. the mean is equal to the standard deviation

All good achievement tests should have?

According to Claude Steele, self-fulfilling prophecy might account for the poorer performance of African

 Americans on intelligence tests and girls on math achievement tests because of

Aptitude tests are designed to measure:

A standardization sample for developing a test

Advantages of group tests compared to individualized tests include

Alpha and Beta waves are characteristics of?

            Humans develop a unique waking sleep cycle that maximizes our chances of survival, is a statement

 most typical of

Which has enabled psychologists to learn the most about sleep processes over the last 50 yrs.

A. psychopharmacology           B. lesions          C. EEG’s         D. CT scans                 E. MRI 

Which stage of sleep is characterized by brain waves with spindles and K-complexes?

The question “Is intelligence more influenced by heredity or experience?” deals with a big issue in

            psychology known as

Dr Didden was hired by the TLC Company to help them retain their employees without lowering the

            firm’s profits. After TLC removed cubicles and permitted employees to decorate their workroom as             recommended by Dr. Didden, the absentee rate declined and no employees left for jobs elsewhere. Dr.             Didden is most likely

Camillo Golgi and a Spanish anatomist named Santiago Ramon y Cajal- forever changed our

             understanding of the brain and shared the what?

When a gene is __________, the trait it controls will be present every time the gene is present.

A critical period is a stage of development t when 

A. specific stimuli have a major effect on development that they do not produce at other times

B. children are resistant to any kind of discipline by their parents

C. new learning is prevented by older learning   D. bonding between parent and child takes place

E. child enters elementary school and needs positive reinforcement

The correct order of Piaget's stages of intellectual development?

The grasping, rooting, and sucking reflexes of infants are best described as

During the formal operations stage, children begin to

Which reflex probably helps prevent falling?

A child is largely nonverbal, is learning to coordinate purposeful movements with sense information, and

 is developing the concept of object permanence. The child is in Piaget's __________ stage.

Which best describes Spearman’s g of intelligence

Fred is a 10 yr old with a mental age of 12. According to the scoring of the Stanford-Binet test, Fred’s

 intelligence quotient score is

These psychologists study these mental activities.

Substances capable of causing birth defects are known as

Piaget is mainly known for studying

When her mother leaves, Linda cries. When her mother returns, Linda crawls into her lap. According to

 Mary Ainsworth, Linda has a(n) __________ attachment.

Ralph has looked up a phone number to dial, but before he can dial the number, someone asks him the

            time. He has now forgotten the phone number, which he had stored in:

The capacity of short-term memory is:

The process of combining separate pieces of information into units in short-term memory is called:

In describing a ball that is both red and big, we say, “Big red ball,” rather than, “Red big ball,”. Such a

             rule about word order is a specific rule of

Ralph thinks senior citizens are the ones who back up traffic because they are hesitant drivers. When he

            sees a line he looks for the lead driver. If it is a senior citizen he points it out to his passenger. Ralph is    evidencing:

Peter is hungry, so he goes to the kitchen to get a snack. Which theory of motivation best explains his

            behavior?

Which of the following theories of emotion states that it is a combination of physiological arousal with the

 cognitive label of the emotion that produces the emotional response?

Which brain structure is associated with a fear reflex?

According to the drive reduction theory, the aim of drive reduction is:

After Jim Boy got home from the buffet he went to the bathroom and made himself throw up. He does this

            after each binge eating. She is most likely suffering from:

Physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience best characterize

Physiological arousal is characterized by which of the following? 

Of the following, which means of communication is the most universal?

Imprinting is

Which of the following topics would a sociobiologist be most interested in studying?

When asked why he wants to become a doctor, Tom says, “because I’ve always like biology and being a

doc will allow me to make a good salary to support my family. His answer is most consistent with which of the following theories of motivation?

According to the Yerkes-Dodson model, when facing a very difficult challenge, which level of arousal

 would probably lead to the best outcome?

            Which of the following factors stimulate us to eat?

            The James-Lange Theory of emotion states that

            Homeostasis refers to

During junior high, the typical student is preoccupied with making friends. According to Maslow’s

            hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is he satisfying?

            Adit really likes the appearance of the Chevy Blazer his friend is selling, but knows he should be more

 conservative with his money. What type of conflict situation is he facing?

The number one tennis player on last year’s squad does not find her name on the list of students who

made this year’s team. Which stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome is she most likely experiencing?                 

Which of the following characteristics of the Type A personality is most positively correlated with

            having a heart attack?

Terrance’s parents were excited by his recent interest in reading science fiction books. They brought him

toy science fiction characters and praised him for reading the books. When they stopped giving him praise and toys, they were dismayed that he quit reading. Terrance’s behavior best illustrates

Which of the following most accurately reflects our current understanding of basic facial expressions?

Selection of moderately challenging tasks characterizes the behavior of people who have a

Which is example of functional fixedness

A. failing to use dime as a screwdriver 

B. not being able to solve physics problem because you apply the same rule you always do  

C. using blanket as pillow          D. adding water to cake mix instead of milk  

E. thinking of apple first when asked to list fruits

Having been told that Syd is an engineer and Fran is a elementary school teacher, when Arnold meets the

couple for the first time, he assumes Syd is husband and Fran wife, rather than the opposite. The best illustrates

A. confirmation bias                  B. cognitive illusion                   C. mere exposure effect  

D. anchoring effect                    E. representativeness heuristics 

Which exemplifies retroactive interference:

A. after suffering a blow to the head, J cannot for new memories 

B. Elle failed a Spanish test because she studied her Italian righter after studying Spanish 

C. Lot cannot remember an important historical date   

D. Le cannot remember his new locker combo, but remembers last year’s  

E. j remembers the first few items on the school supply list, but can’t remember the rest

A test that attempts to measure future success is known as a(n) _____ test.

The reliability of a test is best indicated by which of the following?

(A) The difficulty of the test for the intended population of test takers

(B) The spread of scores on the test

(C) The extent to which scores on the test correlate with a different measure of performance

(D) The degree to which scores on the test form a normal distribution

            (E) The consistency of scores on repeated administrations of the test

Which of the following sets of numbers has the largest standard deviation?

(A) –2, –1, 0, +1, +2               (B) 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, 2.50, 2.75, 3.00    (C) 2, 6, 10, 14, 18

(D) 5.756, 5.765, 5.890, 5.895, 5.923                         (E) 91, 92, 93, 94, 95

. You are the principal of a public high school in America. In order to comply with the requirements of the

federal No Child Left Behind Act, you must document that your students have achieved a certain level on standardized tests. Since students in your state must pass one of these tests to graduate, a parent has asked for you to explain just what a standardized test is. How would you do that?

All of the following statements concerning IQ are correct EXCEPT

-(A)-IQ is considered today to be an outdated term

-(B)-IQ is computed by measuring the ratio of mental age to chronological age times 100

-(C)-average IQ would be a score of 100

-(D)-two-thirds of all people score between 85 and 115 on IQ tests

-(E)-all of these statements are true

Spontaneous recovery refers to

It is the mental activity associated with processing, understanding and computing information.

A step by step procedure that guarantees a solution is called?

            It refers to a type of selective thinking whereby one tends to notice and to look for what confirms one's

            beliefs, and to ignore, not look for, or undervalue the relevance of what contradicts one's beliefs.

They are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb?

Belief bias’ People will tend to accept any and all conclusions that fit in with their systems of belief,

            without challenge or any deep consideration of what they are actually agreeing with.

It is an impairment in your brain's ability to translate written images received from your eyes into

            meaningful language.

            Cause for Downs?

They are the smallest unit of language that carries meaning?

It is a statistical measure of relationship: it reveals how closely two things vary together and thus how

            well one predicts, the other

            It is low muscle tone?

            Which of these is not a Pervasive Developmental Disorders?

Water on the brain caused by excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid is called?.

            It  develops during infancy because of insufficient secretion __ thyroid hormone.

            It is a need or desire that serves to energize behavior and to direct it toward a goal?

            Camillo Golgi and a Spanish anatomist named Santiago Ramon y Cajal- forever changed our

             understanding of the brain and shared the what?

He said the mind creates the body’s perceptions, sensations, and movement.

He believed all knowledge is gain through observation and experience. When you are born your mind is

            a blank slate?

Joan has trouble remembering this semester’s psychology terms because she keeps getting them mixed up

             with last semester’s sociology terms. She is experiencing

This past year Donna was promoted from eighth to ninth grade and was assigned a new school locker

            with a new combination. Donna has found that she has trouble remembering her new combination

            because it is similar to her old one. The memory problem Donna is experiencing is most probably a        result of