Which statement sums up well the Scientific Rev. and the Enlightenment?

A)     Led astray by the Hermetic Doctrines, the men of the Scientific Rev. produced a seriously inaccurate

view of society that was publicized by the Enlightenment     

A)     All the original intellectual work was done during the Scientific Revolution; the ideas of the Enlightenment were merely derivative     

B)     By deliberately trying to undermine religious belief in the name of scientific progress, early scientists paved the way for Enlightenment religious toleration     

C)    By challenging the accepted scientific wisdom, the early scientists paved the way for broader Enlightenment critiques of religion, government, and society

D)    The Challenge of preconceive notion on the development of human endeavors

Two of the most important non-scientific philosophies that contributed to the rise of

 modern science were Neoplatonism and the _.

Important royal societies and academies for the advancement of science were created in _ and _

A French Protestant who argued in favor of religious toleration was __.

The Scientific Revolution     

A)     Began in China and spread to Europe                     B)  Was based on Scholastic philosophy   

C)     Was hostile to the Enlightenment                D)  Created new Industrialized goods

E)  Resulted in a major change in how people viewed the universe and the role of humans within it     

Nicolas Copernicus is best known     

Tycho Brahe     

The religious attitude of most early scientists was  

A)     That they were investigating the universe created by God     

B)     A strong skepticism caused by their scientific observations     

C)     A revived paganism caused by their admiration for classical antiquity     

D)     A growing interest in oriental philosophy

E)      Was developed by the influence of Paganism

Johannes Kepler

Galileo Galilei     

Many scientists believe that Galileo's greatest contribution was not his telescopic observations but    

The scientist who discovered the laws of gravitational attraction was     

Newton made many important scientific discoveries, the most important of which was     

A)  The circulation of the blood                         B)  The discovery of the satellites of Jupiter     

C)  The invention of the microscope                  D)  Invention of the telescope

E)  The discovery of how gravitation holds the universe together     D

The work of Paracelsus, Vesalius, Harvey, and Boyle demonstrated that   

A)      the physics of Newton was incomplete and needed correction    

B)      by no means was the intellectual world of Europe ready to accept the Scientific Revolution     

C)     science was progressing not only in physics/astronomy but also in medicine, anatomy, and chemistry

D)     That the religious world had fully accepted the new science

E)      Man had the intellectual ability to travel in space

The importance of Francis Bacon and René Descartes in the Scientific Revolution stems from their   

A)     work with Robert Boyle on the foundations of modern chemistry     

B)     ideas on observation, experimentation, and mathematics helped establish the methodology of science

C)      astronomical observations confirmed Newton's work     

D)     outspoken protest against the Inquisition's condemnation of Galileo

E)      Philosophical beliefs on the creation of matter

“I think, therefore I am" was said by     

Scientific ideas were spread     

A)  By private societies of scientists only                                   B)  By royal and princely societies only     

C)  By a combination of private and princely societies                D)  Invention of the can and twine

E)  Without any attempt to        organize scientific research and dissemination

During the Enlightenment     

A)     There was considerably less interest in science than in the preceding century     

B)     Enlightenment thinkers excluded women from all scientific and philosophical discussion        

C)     Enlightenment writers consistently advocated violent revolution in the name of science     

D)     Science was popularized in numerous books written for general audiences

E)      People started to read more glossy magazines and digital books

Enlightenment thinkers admired the psychology of Locke, who argued that  

By the end of the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th Centuries,     

A)    New technology developed by scientists had transformed European ways of life     

B)     B)  Science claimed precedence over religion in explaining the material world     

C)    Scientific progress virtually ended, not to be resumed until the middle           of the 19th century     

D)    The world was prepared for the inventions of the colossal

E)     All of the above

The ideas of Bayle and Hume demonstrated  

A)     The science and religion were clearly compatible

B)     That the Enlightenment was moving in a skeptical direction, challenging Scriptural authority and religious beliefs

C)     That not all Enlightenment thinkers believed in religious toleration     

D)     That the best Enlightenment thinkers did not frequent the salons

E)      The science of knowledge was equal to Greckena Standards

Which of the following was not characteristic of the Enlightenment?   

A)    A firm conviction that human reason should determine the understanding of the world and the rules of

social life     

B)     It had a great amount of influence on European and American elites     

C)    The popularization of science     

D)    It was dominated by Italian and Spanish thinkers

E)     Great discoveries in Science

The travel writings of Montesquieu and Voltaire, together with history writing that emphasized the idea of

progress, showed which aspect of the Enlightenment?     

According to the text, the French writers, or philosophes, were best represented by     

At the height of the Enlightenment, the philosophes did all of the following except     

A)    Urge greater religious toleration over the objections of religious authorities     

B)     Urge the violent, revolutionary overthrow of government and society     

C)    Urge that cruel and unusual punishments and irregular criminal procedures be abolished     

D)    Urge the lessening of government regulation of the economy

E)     None of the above

By publishing his Treatise on Tolerance, Voltaire showed an affinity with the ideas of     

Thomas Paine's statement "I believe in God...I do not believe in the creed of [the] Jewish church...The

Roman church, The Greek church, the Turkish church..." is an example of Enlightenment     

Which of the following ideas is not found in John Locke's Second Treatise on Civil Government?     

A)    Natural rights include life, liberty, and property     

B)     The people have a right to overthrow a government that violates their natural rights     

C)    The powers of government are strictly limited     

D)    Monarchy is the only proper form of government

E)  All of these are found

Rousseau's Social Contract is still controversial because

Which of the following thinkers is not properly connected to the book or idea that made him famous?

A)  Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Spirit of the Laws   B)  François Quesnay, Physiocracy and laissez-faire  

C)  Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations                     D)  Cesare Beccaria, On Crimes and Punishments

E)  George Orwell- 1984

Vindication of the Rights of Women was written by     

The Scottish philosopher who carried skeptical arguments further than Locke and Bayle was ___.

The most important concept developed in Rousseau's Social Contract was the __.