CHAPTER 11     Bernstein    Motivation and Emotion

Three‑year‑old Simeon is at the top of a tall and scary slide.  At the bottom of the slide, Simeon’s older

brother is smiling and laughing.  When Simeon sees this, he goes down the slide.  Simeon’s behavior is an example of

Steve and Alex are participating in an experiment, and both are given a drug that causes their heart and

breathing rate to increase, their blood pressure to rise, and their palms to sweat. As the drug takes effect, they are both shown short film clips. Steve views clips of violence, while Alex sees acts of compassion and kindness. Then they are asked to report their emotional state, and both report feeling angry. This would support ______________ theory of emotion

Magda claims that she will not be satisfied until she gets the respect she deserves for the job she does at

 work. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Magda has

Melissa decides to risk her life by climbing Mount Everest in order to earn respect from her fellow

 mountain climbers.  Melissa’s actions DEFY what theory of motivation?

Sabrina is trying to lose weight with a low-carbohydrate diet. She knows this is an effective short-term

plan, but she finds herself craving everything that contains carbohydrates. The brain chemical responsible for her cravings is

You are a space alien who wishes to conquer the earth. You use a special ray gun that makes humans

 immobile by making them too fat to move. Your ray gun should ___ in the hypothalamus.

Karl wants to get straight A’s in school because his parents have promised to buy him a new car if he does

 so. This is an illustration of the ______ theory of motivation.

Josh starts smoking in order to experience the pleasurable feelings associated with nicotine. This behavior

is best explained by the ______________ theory of motivation. Eventually, however, Josh becomes physically addicted to nicotine and now he needs the drug to reduce the cravings he feels. Josh’s behavior is now best explained by ______________ theory.

Michael prefers attractive and healthy women half his age.  Catherine prefers rich men twice her age. What

 theory of motivation best explain

Psychologists use the concept of motivation as a(n) ______________ variable to find the unity beneath

 the apparent diversity of many human behaviors.

On some days when Shane sees a vending machine, he buys a soft drink, but on other days he passes it

 by. In this example, the ______________ motive may be acting as an ______________ variable.

Juan is a CEO of Hoola-Hoops, Inc.  He sees his employees as lazy, untrustworthy creatures with no

interest in their work.  Thus, he offers a highly structured, heavily supervised work environment.  Juan assumes that his employees are primarily motivated by ______ rewards.

A suicide may involve more than one individual. For example, a mother who is depressed may take the

life of her child because she doesn’t want her child to experience the same “bad life” she has had. The mother’s source of motivation is most likely a result of ______________ factors.

People sometimes choose a certain career because they want to please their parents. This is an example

of a(n) ______________ factor as a motivational source.

Imagine you are a male three-spined stickleback (a fish). You come across a nest of unfertilized three

-spined stickleback eggs and you can’t help but do a particular dance and then go ahead and fertilize the eggs. Which theory of motivation accounts for your behavior?

Antwan enjoys calm classical music and meditative yoga classes. Molly enjoys bungee jumping and

tight-rope walking.  The ______ theory of motivation best explains these differences in Antwan and Molly’s typical motivational states.

Tweety Bird is tired of being chased by Sylvester, the Cat, who wants to eat Tweety for dinner.  Tweety

 could reduce Sylvester’s desire to eat by

In freak accident involving a bag of M&Ms, a lava lamp, and a toothbrush, Nam’s ventromedial nucleus

 was destroyed. Due to this damage Nam will most likely

Maxine has bulimia nervosa but not anorexia nervosa. Which of the following is most likely to describe  her?

While watching “Survivor” on television, you realize that the participants cannot worry about creating

 alliances or making worthy contributions until they have first secured a source of food and shelter.  This phenomenon is explained best by ______ theory of motivation.

Megan is concerned because her parents have been arguing frequently and discussing divorce. Her

grades are dropping in school and she is beginning to doubt if her friends really like her. According to Maslow, Megan’s ______ needs are not being met.

Rosa is trying to decide where to go to college.  She could go to the University of Hawaii where the

weather is beautiful, but the tuition is high and she would be a long way from home.  She could also go to the University of Chicago where she would be close to her family and have a scholarship, but she’s tired of the cold winters and would like to live in a different state. Rosa is faced with a(n) ___ conflict.

Mother Theresa is often praised for the good works she did during her life.  She became a nun, took a

vow of poverty, and helped others in the slum areas of cities.  According to Maslow, she would be in the ______ stage of his hierarchy.

You were happy with your grade of “B” on the biology test until you realized that your friends in the

class received “A’s.”  This most clearly illustrates that emotions, such as happiness, are influenced by one’s

We can usually control whether we cry or not, but we can’t usually control whether we feel sorrow or

 not. This illustrates that emotions

Emotions are

Roberto is getting extremely angry. His body is experiencing the fight-or-flight syndrome, caused by

When Jing-Mei walked into the kitchen, her brother jumped out at her and roared like a lion. Jing-Mei

screamed, her heart raced, her pupils dilated, and she started to breathe fast. Jing-Mei’s ________ nervous system was activated.

There are some areas of the brain (like the amygdala) that, when stimulated, create a subjective

 experience of emotion. Which theory of emotion is supported by this information?

Chicken Little was afraid the sky was falling, so he warned everyone about it.  Henny Penny explained

that Chicken Little’s emotional experience (fear) was a result of him thinking that an event (the sky falling) would negatively affect his well-being.  Henny Penny most likely agrees with ______ theory of emotion.

Sherman is going to give Luella some flowers. He really wants her to like them. According to the

principle of transferred excitation, when would be the best time for Sherman to give her the flowers?

Grandma got run over by an SUV.  Afterward, she could no longer receive signals from her sympathetic

nervous system about physiological arousal.  Her doctor tells her that she can still experience emotions because emotion occurs solely in the brain.  Grandma’s doctor supports which theory of emotion?

The addition to James’s peripheral theory that the Schachter-Singer theory provides is

According to Darwin, emotional expression is important because it

After finishing a marathon, Adena grabs a water bottle and quickly drinks all of its contents in an attempt to

 satisfy a ______________ drive.