Chapter 9: Consciousness

Which of the following people is not taking a stimulant?

            A. Gordon, who is snorting cocaine                   B. Rakesh, who is smoking a cigarette

C. Curt, who is taking LSD                               D. Sam, who is drinking coffee

At sleep clinic, Geraldo was laughing as Joy, the receptionist, told him a joke about a sleepwalker. Suddenly,

he collapsed and fell on the floor. Joy knew not to worry. Being familiar with sleep disorders, she was

sure that Geraldo was suffering from   

Vince was stacking soda cans at the grocery store when a customer asked, "Where can I find frozen pizzas?"

Although Vince had not been thinking of the frozen food aisle, he easily retrieved the information and told the customer. From what level of consciousness did Vince retrieve this information?

A. Preconscious B. Unconscious C. Subconscious D. Nonconscious

After sustaining a head injury, Sam the barber was no longer able to recognize his customers' faces by sight.

Although he was still able to see their faces and trim their hair, he only knew who was sitting in the

barber's chair from the sound of the person's voice. Sam's condition is called

            A. anterograde amnesia  B. aphasia  C. proprioception.     D. prosopagnosia.

At the sleep clinic, Dr. Sommer was astonished at his new patient. Unlike most adults, sixty-year-old Mr.

Herman                        A. had sleep cycles that lasted about an hour and a half.

B. passed through the cycle of sleep stages five times per night

C. spent 50 percent of his total sleep time in REM sleep

D. experienced more REM sleep in the later part of the night.

"I dreamed that I found a big black box with a lock on it. I searched everywhere for the key but couldn't find

it. Then I woke up," Jenny told Dr. Gold, a Freudian psychiatrist. "What does my dream mean?" Dr.

Gold is most likely to interpret the dream content as consisting of

            A. conscious desires                 B. forbidden, unconscious wishes.

C. meaningless nonsense.          D. important events of the previous day.

At the sleep clinic, Joy, the receptionist, has likely seen more people suffering from which of the following

conditions? A. Breathing stoppages during sleep B. REM sleep that comes suddenly at emotional times

                               C. Sleepwalking                D. Trouble falling asleep or staying asleep

On spring break, Nick travels north to Canada, Ernie travels east to Maryland, Scott travels south to Texas,

and William travels west to California. Who will most likely experience symptoms similar to jet lag

when he arrives at his destination?   A. Nick      B. Ernie   C. Scott   D. William

In court, the defendant claimed that she was not guilty of killing her husband because she suffered from a

sleep disorder. An expert witness testified that the disorder might lead her to act out violent dreams. The

disorder is called  

Sam, the truck driver, is driving cross-country. He was promised a bonus for delivering his load early, so he

 is trying to do without sleep. He has now been awake for 42 hours. He is concerned that if he doesn't

stop soon, he'll fall asleep at the wheel. His brain is probably experiencing an increase in the neurotransmitter       A. acetylcholine.     B. adenosine   C. dopamine   D. norepinephrine

When the hypnotist told the four volunteers that they were really marble statues, all four immediately froze

 into position. The hypnotist suspected that one of them was not hypnotized and was faking. After four

 more suggestions, he was sure. Can you tell which of the following was likely to be faking?

            A. Andrew, who sneezed and then waited to be told to blow his nose

            B. Greg, whose eyes started to tear when the hypnotist told him he that he was chopping onions

C. Steve, who really got into the role when asked to imitate a chorus girl

D. Tanya, who looked very embarrassed when members of the audience laughed.

Dan has been hypnotized. While in the trance, he is asked to talk about the school play in which he

participated in fourth grade. Dan not only describes the memory but also acts as if he were ten years

old. Dan's behavior is an example of   

A. age regression   B. redistributed attention   C. reduced reality testing   D. posthypnotic amnesia

George and a group of friends went to a nightclub that featured a hypnotist. One of the people in their group,

Ed, volunteered to be a subject. As they watched Ed crowing like a rooster at the hypnotist's suggestion,

George remarked, "There is no magic about this whole hypnosis thing. Ed is just having fun doing what

he thinks a hypnotized person would do. He probably saw something like it on television." George

would probably be most inclined to agree with which theory of hypnosis?

            A. Dissociation theory  B. Hidden observer       C. Role theory   D. State theory

A couple of hours ago, Ted smoked a cigarette. He now begins to feel the discomfort of withdrawal

symptoms, so he has another cigarette. Which of the following best describes Ted's condition?

Which of the following persons has developed a drug tolerance?

            A. Fred, who used to fall asleep after taking one sleeping pill, but now needs to take three or four to

 get the same effect

            B. Helena, who has just tried LSD for the first time and only had a very mild reaction

            C. Miguel, who always likes to drink two or three beers with his dinner

            D. Stefan, who didn't like the smell of cigarettes when he first started to smoke but is now able to

 tolerate it

At her first college party, Maja had too much to drink and eventually passed out. Consequently, the next

            morning, she will probably not be able to remember

            A. the name of her best friend in kindergarten    B. what she studied the day before the party

            C. what she wore to the party.                                      D. who she spoke to at the party.

It's 10:00 P.M. Two women and two men are sitting in Joe's bar drinking alcohol. They all weigh about the

            same, have had the same amount to drink, and are drinking at the same speed. Which one is likely to be

            most affected by the alcohol?

            A. Julie, who came to the bar after having a big meal at her mother's house

            B. Ken, who arrived at the bar after going to dinner theater.

            C. Maria, who is on a new fad diet and only eats one meal at midnight

            D. Nathan, who spent the day taking care of a sick friend and hasn't had a thing to eat since the night

before

Lynn asked her roommate for a drug that would help her to stay alert all night in order to win free concert

tickets on a radio contest. Which drug did her roommate recommend?

Doctor Robbins is treating Mrs. Lewis, a cancer chemotherapy patient, with a daily dose of marijuana.

Consequently, she will probably have difficulty with which activity?

            A. Dancing   B. Eating   C. Falling asleep    D. Talking on the phone

Children begin to recognize themselves in the mirror at around what age?

Which of the following conditions is not an altered state of consciousness?

            A. Sleeping  B. Being drunk on alcohol      C. Being awake and active  D. Meditating

Laverne hooks Shirley up to an EEG. When the EEG shows a dramatic increase in the frequency of brain

waves, Laverne concludes that Shirley is in what stage of sleep?  

A. Stage 1  B. Stage 2  C. Stage 4      D. REM

REM sleep always follows which stage of sleep? 

Insomnia is       A. associated with anxiety and depression  B. easily cured with sleeping pills

                                    C. relatively rare among sleeping disorders.       D. unrelated to daytime fatigue

Which of following people suffers from a sleep disorder that specifically involves REM sleep?

            A. Chad, who has insomnia                   B. Chester, who walks and talks in his sleep

            C. Chris, who has narcolepsy                D. Charles, who has sleep apnea

Keiko has been feeling very tired recently, even though she has been getting at least eight hours of sleep

every night. She goes to the doctor and finds out that she stops breathing while she sleeps. In other

words, she has the sleep disorder known as

            A. sleep apnea. B. REM behavior disorder.    C. insomnia.   D. narcolepsy
After her husband passed away, Betty started to take sleeping pills every night. What can she expect if she

continues to take them over a long period of time?

A. Eventually, their effect will wear off and they will no longer put her to sleep even if the dose is

markedly increased.

            B. Her sleeping patterns will become much more distorted and unpredictable than they were before.

            C. She will suddenly find, one day, that she is able to fall asleep without them

D. She will grow to need them less and less and will gradually wean herself off of them

 

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is more likely to strike babies

One difference between nightmares and night terrors is that

            A. nightmares are more intense than night terrors

            B. nightmares are more likely to affect boys, whereas night terrors are more likely to affect girls

            C. nightmares occur during REM sleep, whereas night terrors occur during non-REM sleep

            D. only night terrors follow traumatic experiences.

Ahmad is a geologist who sometimes works underground for several days in a row. While he is

underground, Ahmad no longer gets information from the sun about whether it is night or day; but he

still goes to sleep at about the same time as usual. Ahmad's internal clock for sleep is controlled by his

A. midbrain    B. cerebellum    C. suprachiasmatic nucleus    D. hippocampus

An injection of which hormone can counter the effects of jet lag?

Most fatal car accidents in the United States occur between the hours of

Which of the following people is most probably experiencing REM sleep?

            A. Nicole, who is dreaming                                                       B. Michelle, who is sleepwalking

            C. Gillian, whose EEG is displaying slow brain waves   D. Esperanza, who is talking in her sleep

Which of the following describes "lucid dreaming"?

            A. Dreaming a dream that continues a dream that you had on another occasion

            B. Knowing that you're dreaming while you're having a dream

            C. Having a dream where the characters are people you know from real life

            D. Solving a problem in a dream that had bothered you while you were awake

Ron, being a veteran hypnotist, knew that he would have better luck trying to hypnotize someone ________

than someone ________.

A. with a negative attitude; with a positive attitude         

B. with a rich imagination; who lacks imagination

C. who is highly distractible; who is highly focused

D. who processes information slowly; who processes information quickly

Manuel is meditating while hooked up to an EEG. The EEG output should look similar to that of a person in

            A. a relaxed waking state  B. stage 2 of sleep    C. stage 4 of sleep   D. the REM stage of sleep

Krista has taken a drug that will not allow the neurotransmitter dopamine to bind to any receptors in her

brain. Krista has most likely taken

George has taken a stimulant that causes him to have visual hallucinations. It also makes him feel a

closeness with other people. Physically, though the drug is not addictive, it does result in jaw muscle

spasms and in high enough doses can cause the destruction of the serotonin-containing neurons in

George's brain. George has taken

A. amphetamines or "speed".  B. crack cocaine.  C. LSD or "acid".   D. MDMA or Ecstasy.

Freddie listens to a song that when played backward appears to encourage the listener to smoke marijuana.

What effect will this "backwardly masked" message have on Freddie? 

Shaun was addicted to a stimulant that reduces drowsiness and raises urine production. He went through

withdrawal for a week and experienced headaches, fatigue, shakiness, and craving. Shaun was addicted to